| 清水砖的介绍 |
| 添加时间：2018/8/18 17:04:58 浏览次数： |
| 清水砖墙是一种传统的粘土砖砌筑方法，北方多用红砖，而南方则是青砖、红砖都有，这可能和气候有关。由于红砖或青砖都是用粘土来烧筑，对耕地破坏很大，近些年来，国家实施严格的耕地政策，再加上粘土砖保温性能差，不符合建筑节能的要求，使得这种传统的材料逐步退出了市场。 Clear water brick wall is a traditional method of clay brick masonry. Red brick is often used in the north, while green brick and red brick are used in the south. This may be related to the climate. Because red or green bricks are fired with clay, the damage to arable land is great. In recent years, the state has implemented a strict arable land policy, coupled with poor thermal insulation performance of clay bricks, does not meet the requirements of building energy conservation, making this traditional material gradually withdrawn from the market. 虽说后来也有空心砖来替代粘土砖，但由于尺寸变大、质地变差、精度不一，远不如老的实心砖好用，也就很少有人再用它来做装饰性外墙了。 Although later there were hollow bricks to replace clay bricks, but because of the size of the larger, poor texture, different precision, far from the old solid bricks easy to use, it is seldom used as a decorative exterior wall. 清水墙就是砖墙外墙面砌成后，只需要勾缝，不需要外墙面装饰。这对砌砖质量要求很高，砖体的表面色泽、边角整齐、压制精度，都直接影响到美观。而勾缝的灰浆是否饱满，也影响到砖缝规范美观。因此，相对外表抹灰的混水墙而言，它对砖的质量要求高很多，对施工的精度要求也高很多，而这在今天缺少产业化的培养，都是靠农民工作业的情况来说是很难做好的。清水砖墙建筑外观效果素雅，很有书卷气，多用于教育、办公及民宅等建筑类型。著名的哈佛大学校园里的老建筑都是清水砖墙建筑，同济大学的南北楼和图书馆，淮海路的武康大楼等都是清水建筑的典范。 After the brick wall is built, the water wall only needs to be pointed and no wall decoration is needed. This requires high quality bricklaying, the surface color of the brick, neat edges and corners, compaction accuracy, all directly affect the aesthetic. Whether the mortar is full or not will also affect the beautiful appearance of the brick joints. Therefore, compared with the exterior plastered concrete wall, it requires much higher quality of bricks and much higher precision of construction, and the lack of industrialization in today's training, are relying on the work of migrant workers is difficult to do a good job. Clear water brick wall building appearance effect elegant, very voluminous, mostly used in education, office and residential building types. The old buildings on the famous Harvard campus are all clear-water brick walls. The north and south buildings and libraries of Tongji University and the Wukang building on Huaihai Road are all examples of clear-water buildings. 清水砖墙建筑的外墙美观丰富程度也和结构形式有关，对于砖混结构的建筑，由于墙体既要承重又担负着外墙美观的作用，开窗面积不能过大，形体变化也受到很多局限，往往显得单调乏味。而框架结构则就灵活得多，支撑结构和维护结构的分离，使得表皮设计更加多样。近些年很多建筑师都是在支撑体系之外，尝试设计出充满趣味的外墙效果。这次在世博会中城市最佳实践区的展馆，就是这样的一种实践。 The beauty and richness of the exterior wall of the brick-concrete structure is also related to the structure form. For the brick-concrete structure, because the wall bears both the load and the beautiful function of the exterior wall, the open window area can not be too large, and the shape change is also limited, often appears monotonous. The frame structure is much more flexible, the separation of support structure and maintenance structure, making the skin design more diverse. In recent years, many architects have tried to design interesting exterior walls besides supporting systems. This pavilion in the best practice area of World Expo is such a practice. 这一组展馆是是由原来工业建筑改造而来，原有建筑巨大的桁架体系为外墙设计提供了很大的灵活性。在意大利政府的资助下，意大利设计师动足了脑筋，玩起了清水外墙的砌筑花样，通过砖砌的凸凹变化，形成不同的图案效果，在外墙中还加入了LED灯，使得这一组建筑在世博园中体现出一种低调的奢华。但如果你能够对比像同济大学南北楼建筑的外墙质量，这里的做工其实也只能算是远看看个大效果，由于粘土砖早已停产无处购买，这里都是使用旧建筑拆迁剩下的旧砖头，边角破损、勾缝不齐、品质参差，细部节点大打折扣也就不足为怪了，但总体效果还是值得肯定。 This group of pavilions is renovated from the original industrial buildings, the original huge truss system for the external wall design provides great flexibility. With the help of the Italian government, the Italian designer played with the masonry pattern of the clear water exterior wall, and formed different patterns by changing the bumps and hollows of the bricks. In addition, LED lights were added to the exterior wall, which made the building reflect a low-key luxury in the Expo Garden. But if you can compare the quality of the exterior walls of buildings like the north and south buildings of Tongji University, the construction here can only be regarded as a far-sighted effect. Because the clay bricks have already stopped production and can not be bought anywhere, the old bricks left over from the old buildings are used here. The edges and corners are damaged, the joints are uneven, the quality is not uniform, and the details are greatly discounted. No wonder, but the overall effect is worth affirming. |
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