保定市陶土砖厂

陶土砖、釉面砖空鼓、开裂原因和防范措施

Causes and preventive measures of hollowing and cracking of clay bricks and glazed tiles

瓷砖开裂、空鼓或脱落

Tile, hollow, or shedding of ceramic tiles

瓷砖开裂、空鼓或脱落现象是瓷砖可能出现的最严重的问题，主要有以下几方面诱因：

Tile cracking, hollowing or shedding are the most serious problems that may occur in ceramic tiles, which are mainly caused by the following aspects:

1)墙体不符合铺贴要求

1) the wall does not meet the requirements of the paving

由墙体变形导致的瓷砖开裂，会呈现横向、竖向或斜向的有规则的裂纹。

The cracking of tiles caused by wall deformation will show regular, horizontal, vertical or oblique cracks.

轻体墙在建完后，直接铺贴瓷砖等装饰材料，极可能会发生沉降，引起墙体变形，导致瓷砖空鼓、开裂，甚至脱落;直接在保温墙墙体内侧的保温层上铺贴瓷砖，也会由于墙体变形导致瓷砖空鼓、开裂或脱落。

After the light body wall is built, the decorative materials such as tile are laid directly on the wall. It is very likely to settle down, cause the deformation of the wall, cause the tiles to be empty, crack and even fall off; the tiles are attached to the insulation layer on the inner wall of the wall wall, and the tiles will be empty, cracked or shedding due to the deformation of the wall.

防范措施：对于不符合铺贴要求的墙体，如轻体墙开裂、安装不牢固、变形，墙面起皮、开裂等现象，家装公司在铺贴瓷砖之前，会提醒业主找到开发商或物业对不合格的地方进行整改。

Precautionary measures: for walls that do not meet the requirements of the paving requirements, such as the cracking of the light body wall, the instability of the installation, the deformation, the skin and the cracking of the wall, the company will remind the owner to find the developer or property to rectify the unqualified place before it is put on the tile.

建议增加墙体附着力以减少返修率：在轻体墙上铺砖前，先请施工人员对墙体进行检测，看墙体是否安装牢固;其次，建议在铺贴墙砖的一面做一层钢丝网，提升墙体的强度和承重能力。对于内保温墙，其保温层通常都是由聚苯板材料来做的，可把原有的保温墙拆掉，用蒸压加气混凝土砌块(俗称泡沫砖)等来代替。由于加砌砖具有较强的附着力，可有效减少瓷砖开裂、脱落等现象，不过保温效果会稍差，会提高了保温的导热系数。另外也可以在聚苯板上挂一层钢丝网，再使用水泥压力板或波镁板，在其上铺贴瓷砖。

It is suggested to increase the adhesion of the wall to reduce the repair rate: before the brick wall is laid on the wall of light body, the construction personnel should be asked to test the wall to see whether the wall is firmly installed; secondly, it is suggested to make a layer of wire mesh on the side of the wall tiles to improve the strength and weight bearing capacity of the wall. For internal insulation walls, the insulating layer is usually made of polystyrene board material, which can be removed from the original insulation wall and replaced by autoclaved aerated concrete block (commonly known as foam brick). As the masonry brick has strong adhesion, it can effectively reduce the cracking and shedding of ceramic tiles, but the thermal insulation effect will be slightly worse, which will improve the thermal conductivity of heat preservation. In addition, a layer of steel wire can be hung on the polystyrene board, and a cement pressure plate or wave magnesium plate will be used to lay tile on the polystyrene board.

2)粘贴剂质量问题

2) quality of bonding agent

粘贴剂不合格也会导致瓷砖铺贴后出现空鼓、脱落等问题。传统铺贴瓷砖通常使用水泥砂浆作为粘贴剂，不添加有机胶凝材料，水泥与砂浆通常按照1：1的比例进行配比，水泥与砂如果配比不均，水泥砂浆则达不到要求的粘接效果;另外，沙子含土量过高、使用劣质或过期水泥都会导致粘贴不牢而引起瓷砖空鼓、脱落等问题。

Unqualified stickers will also cause problems such as hollowing and shedding after tile placement. Traditional paving ceramic tiles usually use cement mortar as a paste and no organic cementitious material is added. Cement and mortar are usually proportional to the proportion of 1:1. If the ratio of cement to sand is not equal, the cement mortar can not reach the required bonding effect. In addition, the excessive amount of soil in the sand, the use of inferior or overdue cement will lead to the result. Stickup is not enough to cause ceramic tiles to be empty and shedding.

防范措施：提醒大家使用正规家装公司、合格的工艺和节能环保材料;目前薄贴法的工艺，不仅节省空间，而且施工便捷，黏合强度更高。

Precautionary measures: remind you to use regular home clothing company, qualified technology and energy saving and environmental protection materials. At present, thin paste technology not only saves space, but also has convenient construction and higher adhesion strength.

3)瓷砖未浸水

3) the tiles are not soaked in water

有一定吸水率的瓷砖例如；陶土砖在铺贴前若不浸水，铺贴后在水泥砂浆凝结、强度上升的过程中，瓷砖会吸收其水分，导致水泥失水变得没有粘接力，强度降低，砖对水泥或水泥对原墙面黏合力降低，导致出现空鼓、脱落。

The ceramic tile that has certain water absorption rate, for example, the ceramic tile will absorb its moisture in the process of the cement mortar condensation and the strength rise before the paving, which leads to the cement or the cement or cement to reduce the viscosity of the original wall, which leads to the empty drum and shedding.

防范措施：用水泥砂浆来铺贴瓷砖(主要指墙砖)，需要把瓷砖提前浸水两个小时左右。砖的密度越高、质量越好，需要浸水的时间越短。环保节能型薄贴法则不用浸水，这种瓷砖胶砂浆里的配比所含粘贴剂成分比例较大，保水性极强，施工简单且节省砂浆，不占用室内空间。

Preventive measures: using cement mortar to lay tiles (mainly wall tiles), it is necessary to soak the tiles in advance for about two hours. The higher the density of bricks and the better the quality, the shorter the time needed to soak. The environmental protection and energy saving thin stick law does not have to be immersed in water. The ratio of the ceramic tile mortar contains a large proportion of paste, which is very water-saving, simple in construction and saves mortar, and does not occupy indoor space.

4)瓷砖间未留缝

4) no seam between tiles

在铺贴时如果没有预留适当缝隙，也会导致瓷砖受挤压开裂、空鼓或脱落。

If there are no suitable gaps in paving, it will also cause ceramic tiles to be extruded, cracked, hollowed or shedding.

防范措施：瓷砖及填缝剂都会有热胀冷缩现象，铺贴时应预留适当缝隙;填缝剂是一种有韧性的、强度较低的柔性产品（瓷砖填缝剂），弥补了瓷砖热胀冷缩的膨胀系数，可在一定程度上避免空鼓、开裂。

Preventive measures: tile and filling agent will have heat expansion and cold shrinkage, and appropriate gap should be reserved when paving. The filling agent is a flexible, low strength flexible product (ceramic tile filling agent), which makes up the expansion coefficient of tile thermal expansion and cold shrinkage, and can avoid empty drum and crack to a certain extent.

5)瓷砖质量差

5) poor quality of ceramic tiles

有些劣质瓷砖硬度不够，在使用过程中承重过高，则容易开裂。

Some of the inferior tiles are not hard enough, and they are easy to crack when bearing too high in use.

防范措施：选择品牌产品。瓷砖的硬度与密度有直接关系，在选购时，把砖翻过来看背面，颗粒越细腻的瓷砖密度越高，则硬度越高，质量越好;可以往瓷砖背面洒水，如果水不下渗而向下流则说明该瓷砖密度较大，硬度较高;若水会下渗，则说明该瓷砖密度较小，硬度较低。

Precautions: choose brand products. The hardness of ceramic tiles is directly related to the density of the tiles. When the bricks are turned over to see the back, the more dense the density of the ceramic tiles is, the higher the hardness, the better the quality, and the water can be sprinkled on the back of the tiles. If the water does not fall under the flow, the ceramic tile has a larger density and a higher hardness. If the water is going to infiltrate, it indicates the density of the ceramic tile. The degree of hardness is small and the hardness is low.

异炉瓷砖有色差

Different furnace tiles have chromatic aberration

瓷砖只要是同一炉烧出来的一般不会有色差，不同的炉多会有色差。

As long as the ceramic tiles are burned out of the same furnace, there will be no chromatic aberration.

防范措施：购买瓷砖及配货、补货时要用同一炉生产的产品;瓷砖到货，从各箱中随机抽出几片瓷砖，仔细观察是否有色差;购买瓷砖的时候要留出富余，因为在运输或铺贴过程中难免会有破损，如果没有备用的，再补货就很难避免色差;如需补货，要尽量提早、尽量缩短补货周期，时间长了，同一批次的产品卖完了，就很难补到无色差的瓷砖;铺贴后剩余的瓷砖要留以备用，以防一段时间过后有的砖体脱落，再补货很难补到相同批次的，会造成色差。

Preventive measures: purchase of ceramic tiles and distribution, replenishment to use the same product in the same furnace; ceramic tiles, randomly selected pieces of ceramic tiles from each box, carefully observe whether there is a color difference; when the purchase of ceramic tiles to leave the surplus, because in the process of transport or paving is unavoidable damage, if there is no reserve, then rereplenishment is difficult to avoid. No color difference; if necessary, as long as possible, as far as possible, as far as possible, as far as possible to shorten the replenishment cycle, the time is long, the same batch of products are sold out, it is difficult to fill the tile without color difference; after the paving, the remaining tiles should be reserved in order to prevent some bricks from falling off after a period of time, and then rereplenishment is difficult to fill the same batch, which will cause color difference.

瓷砖不平整

Unevenness of ceramic tiles

有些瓷砖刚烧出来十分平整，但经过一段时间后，瓷砖的边角会向上翘，导致瓷砖变弯。

Some tiles just burn out very smooth, but after a period of time, the corners of ceramic tiles will be upwarped, resulting in bending of tiles.

防范措施：瓷砖经过高温烧制后会由于冷却而经历一定的自然变形周期。合格的生产厂家会计算并设定好瓷砖自然变形的尺度，使刚烧出来的瓷砖向上略拱，这样经过自然变形的周期后会达到符合规定的平整度;瓷砖的平整度问题不易用肉眼观察到，只能在铺贴的过程中发现，有经验的瓦工会在发现问题后及时提醒。

Precautions: after firing at high temperature, tiles will undergo certain natural deformation cycles due to cooling. The qualified manufacturers will calculate and set the scale of the natural deformation of the ceramic tiles, so that the newly produced tiles will be slightly arched up, so that after the natural deformation cycle will reach the specified level, the problem of the tiling of the tiles is not easy to be observed by the naked eye. Reminding the problem in time.